Since vehicle immobiliser systems were first introduced in the mid-1990s, they have undergone significant improvements. Most systems still rely on RFID transponders, though newer models from some manufacturers use proximity or smart keys. Over time, these transponders have advanced from basic hardcoded chips to more secure, fully encrypted ones. Modern vehicles typically feature a CAN-BUS wiring system and a standard 16-pin OBD socket, which allows for easy connection of programming and diagnostic tools like the Autel 608. This setup facilitates key programming and removal. However, it’s important to note that some vehicles require the EEPROM method for programming, as they cannot be programmed through the OBD socket.

The transponder chip:

A transponder is a small computer chip with a tightly wound wire that enables it to send and receive electromagnetic signals. Known as “non-volatile memory,” these chips retain their data without needing a power source, making them suitable for car keys. Operating at around 125 kHz, transceivers can transmit signals through materials like plastic and rubber, which allows them to function even when embedded in a key fob.

 The Transceiver:

This component generates a high-frequency magnetic field that powers the transceiver chip in the key. The chip sends out a modulated RF signal, which is decoded by the transceiver and then forwarded to the control unit for verification. While the control unit handles the generation and decoding of RF signals, it relies on the ignition coil or antenna to transmit and receive these signals.